The transportation of radioactive materials is a well regulated activity because of the problems that are associated with ionizing radiation. These items are important for several sectors like medicine, industry and energy and their safe transportation is very important.
Radiation Exposure
The main risk is the release of radioactive material during transport accidents like collisions, fires or spills. This can result in external radiation exposure and internal contamination if the radioactive substances are taken in. The seriousness of the exposure relies on the type and quantity of the radioactive material, duration of exposure and the distance from the source. During normal transport, there are chances for low level radiation exposure to transport workers and the public. Strict regulations and packaging standards are there to reduce this risk.
Contamination
An immediate release of the radioactive materials can affect the environment including the soil, water and air. This can result in a long-term effect on ecosystems and human health. In the aftermath of a leak or spill, any transport vehicles, roads and other building structures can become contaminated which would require strong decontamination efforts.
Packaging Failure
Radioactive materials are transported in special packages which are effortlessly packaged to withstand harsh conditions. In big accidents, these packages can be affected which would result in a release of their contents. Several radioactive materials can be volatile or can be reactive in intense temperatures.
The packaging is mainly designed to withstand harsh fires and heat to prevent releases. When the package is transported by sea, the packages must upkeep it’s form to prevent radioactive materials from leaking into the water.
Security Risks
Radioactive materials can also be targeted majorly for theft and sabotage which can ultimately be used for malicious activities. Security measures are important in preventing any unauthorised access to these materials. The usage of radioactive materials in terrorism is a risk that has to be accounted for.
Regulatory and Human Factors
Strict compliance to international and national regulations is important for the safe transport of radioactive materials. Non-compliance can increase the chances for accidents and releases. Human error like the mishandling of packages or bad training can result in accidents.
Mitigation
Efficient radioactive material handling training is important to mitigate these risks. Strong packaging is mainly designed to withstand extreme conditions. Strict labeling and documentation requirements are necessary, complete training for transportation workers should also be offered. Emergency response plans, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) regulations are also important. Real time monitoring systems and good radioactive material handling training are the key to keeping everything efficient.
